godan verb; godan conjugation
Abbreviation of 五段動詞 or 五段活用. Used in grammar contexts to refer to the five-row verb class whose stems end in a consonant and inflect across all five kana rows.
「書く」は五段活用の動詞です。
"Kaku" is a godan-conjugation verb.
五段動詞の活用を覚えるのは大変だ。
Memorizing the conjugations of godan verbs is tough.
fifth dan; 5th dan
Used in martial arts (judo, kendo, karate, etc.), board games (go, shogi), and other ranking systems to denote the fifth level of mastery.
彼は柔道五段の腕前だ。
He holds a fifth dan in judo.
囲碁で五
It's difficult to achieve fifth dan in go.
In Japanese grammar 一段 (ichidan) and 五段 (godan) are the two contrasting categories of verb conjugation.
五 (five) + 段 (step, grade, row). The grammar sense comes from the five kana rows used in conjugation; the rank sense comes from the fifth step in a graded ranking system.