demographic survey; vital statistics survey
Refers to official surveys collecting data on population changes such as births, deaths, marriages, and migration. Often used in government and statistical contexts.
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare conducts a demographic survey every year.
According to the results of the vital statistics survey, the number of births hit a record low.
国勢調査 is a national census covering all residents, while 人口動態調査 focuses specifically on vital events like births and deaths.
Compound of 人口 (population), 動態 (dynamics, movement), and 調査 (survey, investigation).