monasticism
Refers to the institutional system of monastic life, especially in Christian contexts, but can be used for similar traditions in other religions.
In medieval Europe, monasticism was the center of learning.
修道院 refers to a monastery or convent (the physical place), while 修道制度 refers to the system or institution of monasticism.
Compound of 修道 (shūdō, 'religious training' or 'monastic discipline') and 制度 (seido, 'system' or 'institution').