凛
Meanings
taru-adjective, adverb taking the 'to' particle
Describes a sharp, invigorating coldness, often of air or atmosphere. Typically used in the pattern 凛とした.
The bracing morning air feels good.
taru-adjective, adverb taking the 'to' particle
dignified; distinguished; refined
Describes a person, demeanor, or atmosphere that is dignified, noble, and elegant. Often used for someone's bearing or presence.
I was impressed by her dignified bearing.
taru-adjective, adverb taking the 'to' particle
tense; nerve-racking
Describes an atmosphere or situation that is tense, strained, or nerve-racking. Often used for a charged silence or a high-pressure environment.
The exam hall was filled with a tense atmosphere.
taru-adjective, adverb taking the 'to' particle
Describes a voice or sound that is clear, ringing, and resonant. Often used for a crisp, penetrating tone.
His clear, ringing voice echoed through the hall.
Usage patterns
- 凛とした寒さa bracing, crisp coldness
The crisp morning cold feels refreshing.
- 凛とした態度a dignified, composed attitude
She always interacts with others with a dignified bearing.
- 凛とした空気a tense, charged atmosphere
A tense atmosphere hung over the meeting room.
- 凛とした声a clear, ringing voice
She greeted everyone in a clear, ringing voice.
- 凛と立つto stand with dignity
He stood with dignity and looked out over the crowd.