taru-adjective, adverb taking the 'to' particle
severe; intense; commanding; awe-inspiring
Describes a person's demeanor, expression, or atmosphere that is stern, dignified, and imposing. Often used in literary or formal contexts with とした or としている.
Everyone was overwhelmed by his commanding demeanor.
The samurai stood on the battlefield with a stern expression.
taru-adjective, adverb taking the 'to' particle
biting; bitter cold; piercing; frigid
Used for intensely cold weather or wind that feels sharp and penetrating. Typically appears in literary descriptions of winter scenes.
The biting cold pierces the skin.
It is bitterly cold outside.
awe-inspiring; majestic; commanding
piercingly cold; bitterly cold
Standard kanji spelling using 凛 with repetition mark 々.
Variant kanji form using 凜; rare in modern usage.
Full kanji spelling without repetition mark; less common but still used.
Full variant kanji spelling; very rare.
Reduplication of 凛 (りん), a kanji meaning 'cold' or 'dignified'. The repetition intensifies the quality, creating a literary taru adjective.