前ぜん後ご

noun

before and after; around the time of

Used for temporal before/after or approximate time. Sense 6 is a specific temporal use: 'just when' or 'around the time of'.

• 事じ件けんの前ぜん後ごを詳くわしく話はなしてください。

  Please tell me in detail about the time before and after the incident.

• 彼かれは卒そつ業ぎょう前ぜん後ごに就しゅう職しょく活かつ動どうを始はじめた。

  He started job hunting around the time of his graduation.

noun, used as a suffix, noun, adverb

around; about; approximately

Suffix-like use after a quantity, age, time, etc. to mean 'approximately'.

• この車くるまは200万まん円えん前ぜん後ごで買かえます。

  You can buy this car for around 2 million yen.

• 彼かれは30歳さい前ぜん後ごだと思おもいます。

  I think he is around 30 years old.

noun

order; context

Refers to the order of things or the surrounding context. Often used in phrases like 前後関係 (contextual relationship).

• 文ぶん章しょうの前ぜん後ご関かん係けいを考かんがえて意い味みを推すい測そくした。

  I guessed the meaning by considering the context of the passage.

noun

consequences

Used in expressions like 前後を考える (to consider the consequences) or 前後を忘れる (to forget the consequences).

• 彼かれは前ぜん後ごを考かんがえずに行こう動どうしてしまう。

  He acts without thinking about the consequences.

noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru', transitive verb, intransitive verb

inversion; reversion; getting out of order

Indicates reversal of order or things getting mixed up. Can be used as a suru verb (transitive/intransitive).

• 話はなしの前ぜん後ごが逆ぎゃくになってしまった。

  The order of the story got reversed.

• 彼かれは順じゅん番ばんを前ぜん後ごさせた。

  He inverted the order.

noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru', intransitive verb

co-occurring; happening at the same time

Used in the pattern 前後して to indicate two events occurring around the same time. Intransitive.

• 二人ふたりは前ぜん後ごして会かい場じょうに到とう着ちゃくした。

  The two arrived at the venue around the same time.