prevailing wind
Meteorological term for the most frequent wind direction at a location over a given period.
この地域の卓越風は北西から吹く。
The prevailing wind in this region blows from the northwest.
風向 means 'wind direction' in general, while 卓越風 specifically refers to the statistically dominant wind direction.
Compound of 卓越 (outstanding, preeminent) and 風 (wind), likely a calque from English 'prevailing wind' or a similar Western meteorological term.