越
surpass, cross over, move to, exceed, Vietnam
Readings
On'yomi
- エツ
- オツ
Kun'yomi
- こ.す
- -こ.す
- -ご.し
- こ.える
- -ご.え
Nanori
- えち
- えっ
- お
- こえ
- こし
- ごえ
- ごし
- ごや
Meaning
越 centers on going beyond a boundary: surpassing a limit, crossing over a physical or figurative line, or exceeding a standard. The country name Vietnam is a phonetic application of the same character.
Most common words using 越
24 of 223- 越えるこえるN3
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to pass over (out of); to go beyond; to go past
- 越すこすN2
to cross over (e.g. mountain); to go across
- 引っ越しひっこしN4
moving (dwelling, office, etc.); changing residence
- 寄越すよこすN2
to send; to forward
- 超越ちょうえつN1
transcendence; transcendency
- 引っ越すひっこすN4
to move (house); to change residence
- 越幾斯エキス
extract (of plants, meat, etc.); essence; concentrate; concentrated stock
- 勝ち越しかちこし
having more wins than losses
- 乗り越えるのりこえるN2
to climb over; to get over; to cross (a mountain)
- 卓越たくえつ
preeminence; excellence; superiority; transcendence
- 越歴エレキ
electricity
- 越後えちご
Echigo (former province located in present-day Niigata Prefecture)
- 上越じょうえつ
area on Japan Sea side of Japan, including Niigata
- 越境えっきょう
crossing a border (illegally); border violation; border transgression
- 中越ちゅうえつ
Chūetsu (region in Niigata)
- 越冬えっとう
passing the winter; hibernation
- 越しごしN1
across; over; beyond; through; crossing
- 負け越しまけこし
having more losses than wins
- 追い越すおいこすN3
to pass (e.g. car); to overtake
- 越権えっけん
going beyond authority; unauthorized; unauthorised; ultra vires
- 持ち越すもちこす
to carry over (an issue, decision, work, etc.); to carry forward; to put off; to postpone; to defer
- 乗り越しのりこしN1
riding past (one's station)
- 勝ち越すかちこす
to have more wins than losses; to lead an opponent (e.g. by two games); to be ahead (in wins); to take the lead
- 越年えつねん
seeing the old year out; greeting the New Year; passing the winter; hibernation
Study
Etymology
越 combines 走 (run, go) with 戉, which likely contributes the sound and may originally represent a type of axe or weapon. Together they express the idea of moving past or exceeding.
Meaning mnemonic
The running enclosure 走 suggests movement, and the inner 戉 looks like a halberd or tool. Picture a runner vaulting over a barrier with a polearm, crossing beyond the limit.
Reading mnemonic
For エツ, imagine an athlete who exceeds all records and yells 'Ets!' as they cross the finish line: Ets -> エツ.