越える · ichidan verb
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 越える | 越えない |
| Polite | 越えます | 越えません |
| Past polite | 越えました | 越えませんでした |
| Past | 越えた | 越えなかった |
| Te-form | 越えて | 越えないで |
| Desire | 越えたい | 越えたくない |
| Potential | 越えられるalso 越えれる | 越えられないalso 越えれない |
| Passive | 越えられる | 越えられない |
| Causative | 越えさせる | 越えさせない |
| Causative passive | 越えさせられる | 越えさせられない |
| Volitional | 越えよう | |
| Polite volitional | 越えましょう | |
| Imperative | 越えろ | 越えるな |
| Conditional | 越えれば | 越えなければ |
| Tara conditional | 越えたら | 越えなかったら |
ichidan verb, transitive verb
cross over; pass through; go beyond
Used for physically crossing a boundary (mountain, river, border) or moving past a point in space or time. 越える is the typical kanji.
After crossing the mountain, we saw a small village.
この道をまっすぐ行って、橋を越えてください。
Go straight along this road and cross the bridge.
ichidan verb, transitive verb
Used for exceeding a numerical value, limit, expectation, or standard. 超える is the typical kanji for this sense.
気温が30度を超えた。
The temperature exceeded 30 degrees.
彼の成績はクラスの平均を超えている。
His grades surpass the class average.
We crossed the border into the neighboring country.
The number of participants exceeded a thousand.
That story is loved across generations.
渡る focuses on moving across a surface such as a bridge or river, while 越える focuses on surpassing or going over a boundary or limit.
オーバーする and 超える both mean to exceed a limit, but 超える is a native verb usable in formal writing, while オーバーする is a casual loanword verb often paired with numbers or amounts.
越える means to go over or beyond a boundary or obstacle, whereas 横切る focuses on moving straight across a flat area.
越える is a general verb for crossing over or exceeding something, while 突破 implies a forceful or determined breakthrough.
crossing a river; river crossing
crossing a border; cross-border