Attaches to nouns to indicate doing something across, over, or through a physical barrier or intermediary. Common with 窓, 壁, 電話, 眼鏡, etc.
Look outside through the window.
Attaches to time nouns to indicate a continuous span. Often used with 年, 夜, 一生, etc.
I heard her voice through the phone.
I heard his voice over the phone.
He carried out a plan that had been in the works for a year.
Work throughout the night.
After three days, a reply finally came.
feeling of something going down the throat; throat sensation when swallowing
over someone's shoulder; looking over a shoulder
overnight; kept overnight
wintering; passing the winter
over a wall; across a fence
through a wall; on the other side of a wall
keeping over the summer; summering
crossing a mountain; going over a mountain · other side of a mountain; beyond the mountain · immediately after one's draw (mahjong); winning off a discarded tile from the right or across after passing on a win from the left (mahjong)
crossing a river
Standard kanji spelling for the suffix ごし.
Derived from the verb 越す (こす, 'to cross over'), used as a suffix. The reading ごし is a rendaku form.
carried over from last month; left unpaid from previous month
through something; with something in between
through a window; across a window
thinly slicing soft-boned fish for sashimi