justice system; judicial system
Refers to the overall institutional framework of courts, laws, and legal procedures.
Japan's justice system adopts a three-tier court system.
Reform of the judicial system is being discussed.
法制度 is a broader term for the legal system as a whole, including legislation and administration, while 司法制度 focuses specifically on the judiciary and court processes.
裁判所 means 'court' as a physical or institutional entity, whereas 司法制度 refers to the entire justice system framework.
Compound of 司法 (しほう, 'administration of justice') and 制度 (せいど, 'system'). The term is a modern Sino-Japanese coinage used in legal and political contexts.