item-by-item discussion; detailed exposition
Used in contrast with 総論 (general overview) to refer to a detailed, point-by-point discussion or analysis of individual items or aspects.
See also: 総論
After the general overview, we will move on to the detailed discussion of each item.
In the detailed exposition, we examine specific cases.
総論 covers the general overview of a topic, while 各論 deals with its individual, detailed points.
Compound of 各 (each) and 論 (discussion, argument).