かな
JLPTN1Freq.FrequencyTop 20,000
Meanings
1
how!; what!; alas!
archaicusually written using kana alone
Archaic sentence-ending particle expressing exclamation, wonder, or lament. Not used in modern spoken Japanese; appears in classical literature, poetry, and set phrases.
"Alas, how sad!" he lamented.
In classical literature class, we learned the usage of かな from the poem "Spring has passed, and summer seems to have come; white robes are being dried on heavenly Mount Kagu."
Usage patterns
- 〈形容詞〉かなhow ...! (archaic exclamation after a classical adjective)
How beautiful this world is!