たしなむ · godan verb (-mu)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | たしなむ | たしなまない |
| Polite | たしなみます | たしなみません |
| Past polite | たしなみました | たしなみませんでした |
| Past | たしなんだ | たしなまなかった |
| Te-form | たしなんで | たしなまないで |
| Desire | たしなみたい | たしなみたくない |
| Potential | たしなめる | たしなめない |
| Passive | たしなまれる | たしなまれない |
| Causative | たしなませる | たしなませない |
| Causative passive | たしなませられるalso たしなまされる | たしなませられないalso たしなまされない |
| Volitional | たしなもう | |
| Polite volitional | たしなみましょう | |
| Imperative | たしなめ | たしなむな |
| Conditional | たしなめば | たしなまなければ |
| Tara conditional | たしなんだら | たしなまなかったら |
godan verb (-mu), transitive verb
have a taste for; be fond of; enjoy (in moderation); have an interest in (a hobby)
Used for cultivated enjoyment or appreciation, often with a nuance of moderation or refined taste. Common with hobbies, arts, and food/drink.
He drinks wine in moderation, just enough to enjoy it.
I enjoy tea ceremony as a hobby.
godan verb (-mu), transitive verb
be modest; be prudent; watch one's behaviour
Used for exercising restraint or self-discipline in conduct, often in set phrases like 身をたしなむ or 言葉をたしなむ.
Young people should be more prudent in their conduct.
He watched his words and spoke politely so as not to be rude.
He only drinks a little, just enough to say he enjoys it.
I try to behave modestly in front of others.
You should watch your words when speaking to your superiors.