Mathematical term for a number or expression that divides another exactly.
The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12.
Please factor this expression.
因数 (a mathematical factor) is pronounced almost identically to 員数 (a count or tally of people or things) but has an unrelated, technical math meaning.
From 因 (cause, factor) + 数 (number). A straightforward kanji compound for the mathematical concept of a factor.