ground surface; earth's surface
Technical or formal term for the surface of the ground, often used in geography, geology, and civil engineering contexts.
The temperature of the ground surface changes due to solar radiation.
The ground surface in this area is mainly covered with clay.
Compound of 地 (chi, 'earth, ground'), 表 (hyō, 'surface'), and 面 (men, 'face, surface'). The reading ちひょうめん follows standard on'yomi.