Refers to a primary care physician who treats the whole family, often in a local clinic setting. The term is neutral and widely understood.
I caught a cold, so I went to see my regular family doctor.
This area has a shortage of family doctors.
総合診療医 is a newer, more formal term for a general practitioner with broad training, often used in hospital settings, whereas 家庭医 is the traditional term for a community-based family doctor.
Compound of 家庭 (family, home) and 医 (doctor, physician). The term is a straightforward modern coinage reflecting the Western concept of a family doctor.