A somewhat formal or dated term for a married woman who manages the household; 主婦 is more common in everyday speech.
As a housewife, she devotes herself to housework and childcare.
家庭婦人 is a more formal, somewhat dated term for a housewife, while 主婦 is the everyday neutral word.
Compound of 家庭 (household) and 婦人 (married woman, lady). The exact origin is uncertain, but it likely arose as a formal term in the early 20th century.