sudden braking; emergency braking
Refers to abruptly applying the brakes, often in an emergency or to avoid a collision. Commonly used in traffic and railway contexts.
The passengers fell forward because the driver applied sudden braking.
Sudden braking is sometimes necessary to prevent an accident.
Compound of 急 (sudden) and 制動 (braking). 制動 is itself a compound of 制 (control) and 動 (motion), forming a technical term for braking.