憎む (にくむ, nikumu) Japanese meaning: hate | Kotomora

憎にくむ

に

く

む

Common wordJLPTN3Freq.FrequencyTop 20,000

憎む · godan verb (-mu)

Form	Positive	Negative
Dictionary	憎にくむ	憎にくまない
Polite	憎にくみます	憎にくみません
Past polite	憎にくみました	憎にくみませんでした
Past	憎にくんだ	憎にくまなかった
Te-form	憎にくんで	憎にくまないで
Desire	憎にくみたい	憎にくみたくない
Potential	憎にくめる	憎にくめない
Passive	憎にくまれる	憎にくまれない
Causative	憎にくませる	憎にくませない
Causative passive	憎にくませられるalso 憎にくまされる	憎にくませられないalso 憎にくまされない
Volitional	憎にくもう
Polite volitional	憎にくみましょう
Imperative	憎にくめ	憎にくむな
Conditional	憎にくめば	憎にくまなければ
Tara conditional	憎にくんだら	憎にくまなかったら

Meanings

godan verb (-mu), transitive verb

hate; detest

Strong, deep-seated hatred or loathing, often directed at a person, action, or situation. More intense and emotional than 嫌う.

彼かれは不ふ正せいを心こころから憎にくんでいる

Kanji

憎hate, detest
悪bad, vice, rascal

Related words· 6

恨うらむN2
恨む centers on resentment or a grudge over being wronged, while 憎む is pure, intense hatred that need not involve a personal grievance.
嫌きらうN3
嫌う is a milder, everyday word for disliking or avoiding something, while 憎む expresses much stronger, more emotional hatred.
呪のろうN1
憎む is the general word for hating someone or something, whereas 呪う implies actively wishing or invoking harm on them.
否いやむ
憎む conveys hatred or resentment, often toward a person for a wrong done, whereas 否む expresses a deep aversion or distaste without necessarily implying resentment.

Show 2 more

忌いむ
憎む expresses hatred toward a person or thing directly, while 忌む in its 'detest' sense adds a nuance of instinctive or superstitious loathing.
大だい嫌きらいN1
憎む is a verb meaning to hate someone with resentment or grudge, while 大嫌い is an adjective expressing strong dislike without necessarily implying resentment.

Opposites

愛あいするN3
愛する means to love, the direct emotional opposite of 憎む's hatred.
愛あいす
愛す means to love someone deeply, while 憎む means to hate or resent them.
恋こいするN1
憎む means to hate or resent someone, the direct opposite of 恋する, which means to fall in love with someone.

Don't confuse with

憎にくいN3
憎い is the i-adjective describing something as hateful or detestable, whereas 憎む is the verb meaning to hate; learners often mix up which form to conjugate.

Word family

憎にくみ合あい
mutual hatred; hating each other
憎にくみ合あう
hate each other; hate mutually

Written forms

憎にくむUsage93%
Standard kanji spelling; the most common written form.
悪にくむUsage4%
rarely-used kanji form
Rarely used kanji form; learners should recognize it but use 憎む instead.
にくむUsage4%

Etymology

Derived from the adjective 憎し (nikushi) in classical Japanese, which meant 'hateful.' The verb form 憎む developed from this root. The kanji 憎 is a phono-semantic compound with 忄 (heart/feelings) and 曾 (layered), suggesting accumulated negative feelings.

Meanings

Usage patterns