cultural association
Typically appears in the names of organizations, such as 日本文化協会 or 国際文化協会. Not a general term for any cultural group.
He volunteers at the local cultural association.
The Japan Cultural Association is working to preserve traditional performing arts.
文化団体 is a broader term for any cultural organization or group, while 文化協会 specifically refers to an association, often with a formal structure and usually part of an official name.
Compound of 文化 (culture) and 協会 (association). The exact historical derivation is uncertain, but the word follows standard Sino-Japanese word formation patterns.