pre-noun adjectival
Pre-noun adjectival (rentaishi) used to refer to something previously mentioned or implied; similar to こんな but more formal or literary.
かかる事態は想定していなかった。
We had not anticipated such a situation.
かかる問題は早急に解決すべきだ。
Such problems should be resolved promptly.
こんな is the common, everyday equivalent; かかる is more formal and literary.
そのような is a neutral, standard alternative; かかる is more concise and elevated.
Derived from classical Japanese 斯く (kaku, 'like this') + ある (aru, 'to be'), contracted to かかる. The kanji 斯 is an ateji used for its meaning.