noun
sample survey
A statistical method where data is collected from a subset of a population to estimate characteristics of the whole.
この標本調査の結果は、全国の傾向をよく表している。
The results of this sample survey accurately reflect national trends.
全数調査 is a complete census or exhaustive survey, whereas 標本調査 is a sample survey that examines only a portion of the population.
Compound of 標本 (sample, specimen) and 調査 (survey, investigation). The term is a direct translation of the English 'sample survey' used in statistics.