A somewhat literary or formal term for a person from another country, often with a nuance of being in an unfamiliar land. Less common in everyday speech than 外国人.
He started a new life in this town as a foreigner.
To the foreigner's eyes, that custom seemed very strange.
Also means 'foreigner' or 'stranger', often with a similar literary feel. 異郷人 emphasizes being in a different land, while 異邦人 can also imply a different country or culture.
Compound of 異郷 (いきょう, 'foreign land') + 人 (じん, 'person'). The exact historical derivation is uncertain, but the spelling is conventionally associated with the meaning 'person from a foreign land'.