Refers to the branch of mathematics dealing with numbers and basic operations. Often used in educational contexts or when contrasting with higher mathematics.
When I was in elementary school, I was good at arithmetic.
This problem can be solved with simple arithmetic.
arithmetic sum
arithmetic expression
arithmetic statement
commercial arithmetic
arithmetic multiplication
From 算 (calculation) + 術 (technique, art). The term has been used in Japanese to refer to arithmetic since at least the Edo period.