intermediary bank; correspondent bank
A bank that acts as an intermediary in financial transactions, especially in international wire transfers. The term is technical and used in banking contexts.
When sending money abroad, the intermediary bank may deduct a fee.
コルレス銀行 is a direct loan from 'correspondent bank' and is more common in spoken Japanese, while 経由銀行 is a native Japanese compound used in formal or written contexts.
Compound of 経由 (けいゆ, 'via, by way of') and 銀行 (ぎんこう, 'bank'). The term is a straightforward description of a bank that serves as a waypoint for funds.