Refers to excessive pride in one's appearance, abilities, or achievements; often used in literary or formal contexts.
彼の行動は虚栄心から出ている。
His actions stem from vanity.
He's always showing off his vanity by buying luxury goods.
虚栄を捨てて、ありのままの自分を受け入れよう。
Let go of vanity and accept yourself as you are.
Her lifestyle was full of vanity.
Let's abandon vanity and live as our true selves.
謙虚 means humble and modest, the opposite disposition to the excessive pride expressed by 虚栄.
虚勢 means a bluff or false show of strength/courage, whereas 虚栄 means vanity about one's appearance or achievements; the two are easily confused because of their shared 虚 and similar sound.
vanity; conceit
Sino-Japanese compound: 虚 (false, empty) + 栄 (glory, prosperity). The combination conveys the idea of empty or false glory.