essay test; essay exam
An examination format where answers are written in essay form, common in academic settings.
Essay tests are sometimes required in university entrance exams.
筆記試験 is a broader written exam, while 論述試験 specifically requires essay-type answers.
口述試験 is an oral exam, contrasting with the written essay format of 論述試験.
Compound of 論述 (essay, exposition) and 試験 (exam, test).