Refers to a facility or location where ore is extracted from the ground.
この地域には古い金鉱山がある。
There is an old gold mine in this area.
The safety of the people working in the mine is the top priority.
There used to be a gold mine in this mountain.
The company developed a new mine.
He used to work at a mine when he was young.
The resources ran out, and the mine was shut down.
鉱業 is the industry of mining as an economic activity, while 鉱山 refers to an actual physical mine site.
mining engineer
miner; mine worker