Kotomora
JLPT N1ConstructionFormal
Furigana

であれ～であれWhether A or B; regardless of category

であれ～であれ formally presents two categories, statuses, or conditions and says that the same rule, judgment, or principle applies to both.

One conclusion for both alternatives

The two alternatives are treated as formal categories. The main clause then deliberately ignores the difference between them: whichever category applies, the conclusion remains unchanged. This makes the construction especially suitable for equal treatment, universal duties, and rules with no category-based exception.

A rule applying to two groups

学がく生せいであれ社しゃ会かい人じんであれ、この図と書しょ館かんの利り用よう規き則そくを守まもらなければならない。

Whether one is a student or a working adult, one must follow this library's rules.

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The duty is identical for both formally named groups.

Statuses and qualities

The alternatives may be social or organizational statuses, or suitable na-adjective stems describing different conditions.

役やく職しょく者しゃであれ新しん人じんであれ、安あん全ぜん手て順じゅんに例れい外がいは認みとめられない。

Whether someone is a manager or a new employee, no exceptions to the safety procedures are permitted.

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静しずかであれ活かっ発ぱつであれ、子こどもの個こ性せいは等ひとしく尊そん重ちょうされるべきだ。

Whether quiet or lively, every child's individuality should be respected equally.

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静しずか and 活かっ発ぱつ are na-adjective stems here.

Close alternatives

であれ～であれ is compact and strongly suited to formal categories. であろうと～であろうと has substantial overlap, but makes the hypothetical concession fuller and more rhetorical. にしろ～にしろ and にせよ～にせよ are less elevated and can handle a wider range of verbs and adjectives.

相あい手てが大だい企き業ぎょうであろうと小しょう規き模ぼな組そ織しきであろうと、交こう渉しょうの原げん則そくは変かわらない。

Whether the other party is a major corporation or a small organization, the principles of negotiation do not change.

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The fuller form gives the concession slightly more rhetorical weight.

More examples

国こく内ない企き業ぎょうであれ外がい国こく企き業ぎょうであれ、本ほん法ぽうの適てき用よう条じょう件けんは同おなじである。

Whether a company is domestic or foreign, the conditions for application of this law are the same.

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専せん門もん家かであれ一いっ般ぱん市し民みんであれ、公こう開かい資し料りょうを閲えつ覧らんする権けん利りは等ひとしく保ほ障しょうされる。

Whether one is an expert or an ordinary citizen, the right to view public materials is equally guaranteed.

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有ゆう名めいであれ無む名めいであれ、応おう募ぼ者しゃは同どう一いつの基き準じゅんで審しん査さされる。

Whether famous or unknown, applicants are evaluated according to the same criteria.

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個こ人じんであれ団だん体たいであれ、申しん請せいには所しょ定ていの書しょ類るいが必ひつ要ようである。

Whether the applicant is an individual or an organization, the designated documents are required.

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成せい功こうであれ失しっ敗ぱいであれ、実じっ験けんの結けっ果かは正せい確かくに記き録ろくしなければならない。

Whether an experiment succeeds or fails, its results must be recorded accurately.

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理り論ろん的てきであれ実じっ践せん的てきであれ、研けん究きゅうには検けん証しょう可か能のうな根こん拠きょが必ひつ要ようである。

Whether theoretical or practical, research requires evidence that can be verified.

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であれ～であれ (deare deare) – Whether A or B; regardless of category