Kotomora
JLPT N1ConstructionFormal
Furigana

にあってIn particular circumstances

にあって formally places a person, action, or fact within circumstances that are important to what follows. Those circumstances are often exceptional, difficult, rapidly changing, or connected with a special position.

Why the circumstances matter

The noun before にあって does more than supply a time or place. It frames the following statement as especially meaningful because of the situation: calm judgment matters because there is a crisis, responsibility is heavier because someone holds a public position, or an achievement is remarkable because it continued through adversity.

Typical settings

Crisis, special status, and difficult historical conditions are natural contexts for this construction.

てきじょうきょうにあってしきせきにんしゃにはれいせいはんだんもとめられる。

In a crisis, those responsible for an organization are expected to exercise calm judgment.

Analyze

The crisis explains why calm judgment is being emphasized.

くにだいひょうするたちにあってはじんてきはつげんにもおもせきにんともなう。

When one is in a position representing the nation, even personal remarks carry serious responsibility.

Analyze

The special position creates the responsibility described in the rest of the sentence.

せんにあってもしょかんいんたちはちょうりょうまもつづけた。

Even in wartime, the librarians continued to protect valuable materials.

Analyze

The action continued despite exceptionally difficult conditions.

A marked situation or a neutral setting?

において formally identifies a place, occasion, or field. By contrast, にあって draws attention to the nature of the circumstances and makes them relevant to why the following fact is notable. For a routine formal venue, the neutral setting marker is the natural choice.

ほんかいとうきょうほんにおいてかいさいされます。

The main conference will be held at the Tokyo headquarters.

Analyze

This sentence simply states the venue; it does not portray the headquarters as exceptional circumstances.

More examples

きゅうそくじんこうげんしょうだいにあってほうたいにはあたらしいはっそうもとめられている。

In an era of rapid population decline, local governments are being called upon to develop new ideas.

Analyze

はげしいきょうそうのただなかにあってどうしゃいっかんしてひんしつゆうせんした。

Amid fierce competition, the company consistently prioritized quality.

Analyze

おうけいしょうしゃというとくべつたちにあってかのじょこうどうつねちゅうもくあつめた。

Because of her special position as heir to the throne, her actions constantly attracted attention.

Analyze

じょうほうかぎられたじょうきょうにあってはひとつのすうだけでけつろんすべきではない。

When information is limited, one should not draw a conclusion from a single figure.

Analyze

ながぼうめいせいかつにあってもさっさくひんつづけた。

Even throughout a long life in exile, the writer continued to write in their native language.

Analyze

せいおおきなてんかんにあってげんこんらんさいしょうげんおさえることがじゅうようだ。

During a major transition in the system, it is important to minimize confusion on the ground.

Analyze