Kotomora
JLPT N2ParticleWritten
Furigana

のみOnly; solely (formal)

のみ formally limits something to the item, group, amount, fact, or action immediately before it. It means “only” or “solely” and is especially common in notices, rules, instructions, and formal writing.

What it limits

のみ normally applies to the expression directly before it. The rest of the sentence can be positive or negative as required; this particle does not force a negative ending.

Typical formal uses

These examples limit eligibility, a payment method, and a permitted quantity.

かいいんのみがりょうしつようできます。

Only members may use the reference room.

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follows the complete limited phrase because that phrase is the subject.

はらいはクレジットカードのみでうけたまわります。

Payment is accepted by credit card only.

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marks the permitted payment method and comes after the limiter.

こうにゅうはお一人ひとりさまてんのみとします。

Purchases are limited to two items per person.

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The sentence formally sets a maximum quantity rather than merely describing what someone happens to buy.

Limiting an action

A plain verb can come before のみ. This often presents an action as the only thing required or the only thing left to do, and it has a distinctly formal tone.

The sole action

ひつようこうにゅうりょくし、そうしんするのみでつづきはかんりょうします。

The procedure is completed simply by entering the required information and submitting it.

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The action before the limiter is presented as the only remaining requirement.

しんしゅうりょうしました。あとはけっつのみです。

The review is complete. All that remains is to wait for the result.

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Formal versus everyday limitation

のみ and だけ share the basic meaning “only,” but the former is formal and written-leaning, while the latter is the normal neutral choice in everyday conversation.

今日きょうみずだけにします。

I will just have water today.

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This is an ordinary conversational choice; using the formal limiter here would sound unnecessarily stiff without a special context.

More examples

にゅうかんできるのはぜんとうろくしゃのみです。

Only those who registered in advance may enter.

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ほんりょうしゃないのみでえつらんできます。

This document may be viewed only within the company.

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いっかいしんせいにつき、てんできるファイルはけんのみです。

Only five files may be attached per application.

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ていじょうけんたしたあいのみへんきんけられます。

A refund is available only when the specified conditions have been met.

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けっとうろくされたメールアドレスのみにつうします。

The result will be sent only to the registered email address.

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このいきではえつらんのみをきょし、ふくせいみとめません。

In this area, viewing alone is permitted; reproduction is not allowed.

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のみ (nomi) – Only; solely (formal)