だけonly; just
だけ is "only" or "just": this much and nothing more. It goes right after the word it limits, where English puts "only" in front.
I drank only one glass of water.
I work only on Sundays.
All you have to do is write your name.
How to form it
Noun or amount + だけ
コーヒーだけ, 一つだけ, 今日だけ, 私だけ.
With a verb or adjective
Plain form + だけ
見るだけ, 安いだけ. A な-adjective keeps its な: 好きなだけ.
Only this, only this much
English "only" can sit almost anywhere in a sentence. だけ limits the word right before it.
I drank only one cup of coffee.
One cup and no more.
Do you take sugar in your coffee?
Yes, just a little, please.
が and を can follow だけ, and in conversation they often drop: コーヒーだけ飲みました. に after a person stays, on either side: 先生だけに or 先生にだけ.
Only students can use this room.
I consulted only the teacher.
Just doing it: verb + だけ
After a verb, だけ says that is all there is to it: all you do, or all that happened.
Are you looking for something?
No, I'm just looking.
In a shop.
I'm just a little tired.
だけ or しか?
Both are "only". だけ states the limit and leaves the verb alone. しか needs a negative verb, and it often sounds like too few.
Only Tanaka came.
One person came. That is all it says.
Only Tanaka came.
The same fact, usually with a sense that more should have come.
Only Tanaka didn't come.
With だけ, a negative verb stays negative. Everyone else came.
When "only" isn't だけ
English also says "only" for "still early" or "still young". That one is まだ, "still".
Please wait just five minutes.
Five minutes and no more.
It's only five o'clock.
Earlier than you might think. だけ can't say this.
Words you'll use every day
できるだけas … as you can
Please come as soon as you can.
Here and in the next one, だけ is "as much as", not "only".
好きなだけas much as you like
Please eat as much as you like.
Close neighbours
しか~ないN4
"Only", with a negative verb. It often says the amount is less than you wanted.
I only have one thousand yen in my wallet.
ばかりN3
"Nothing but": far too much of one thing, often said as a complaint.
When we have hot pot, my brother eats nothing but meat.
ただの・たったN3
ただの before a thing is "just a": ただの学生, "just a student", where 学生だけ is "students and nobody else". たった before an amount is "a mere".
I'm just a student.
Check yourself
1Which one fits?
今日は
Choose an answer to see why.
2What does this mean?
私だけ
Choose an answer to see why.
More sentences
I am the only one who knows the answer.
I bought only one piece of bread.
I told the secret only to him.
Please take as much as you want.