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JLPT N5Everyday

だけonly; just

だけ is "only" or "just": this much and nothing more. It goes right after the word it limits, where English puts "only" in front.

How to form it

Noun or amount + だけ

コーヒーだけ, 一ひとつだけ, 今日きょうだけ, 私わたしだけ.

With a verb or adjective

Plain form + だけ

見みるだけ, 安やすいだけ. A な-adjective keeps its な: 好すきなだけ.

Only this, only this much

English "only" can sit almost anywhere in a sentence. だけ limits the word right before it.

が and を can follow だけ, and in conversation they often drop: コーヒーだけ飲のみました. に after a person stays, on either side: 先せん生せいだけに or 先せん生せいにだけ.

Just doing it: verb + だけ

After a verb, だけ says that is all there is to it: all you do, or all that happened.

In a shop.

だけ or しか?

Both are "only". だけ states the limit and leaves the verb alone. しか needs a negative verb, and it often sounds like too few.

Only Tanaka came.

The same fact, usually with a sense that more should have come.

Only Tanaka didn't come.

With だけ, a negative verb stays negative. Everyone else came.

When "only" isn't だけ

English also says "only" for "still early" or "still young". That one is まだ, "still".

It's only five o'clock.

Earlier than you might think. だけ can't say this.

Words you'll use every day

これだけjust this; this is all

This is all my luggage.

だけでいいjust … will do

Just water is fine.

できるだけas … as you can

Please come as soon as you can.

Here and in the next one, だけ is "as much as", not "only".

好すきなだけas much as you like

Please eat as much as you like.

Close neighbours

しか~ないN4

"Only", with a negative verb. It often says the amount is less than you wanted.

ばかりN3

"Nothing but": far too much of one thing, often said as a complaint.

ただの・たったN3

ただの before a thing is "just a": ただの学がく生せい, "just a student", where 学がく生せいだけ is "students and nobody else". たった before an amount is "a mere".

だけどN5

Not だけ at all. It is だ and けど, "but".

Check yourself

1Which one fits?

今日きょうは水みず(  )飲のみました。

Choose an answer to see why.

2What does this mean?

私わたしだけ知しりませんでした。

Choose an answer to see why.

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