あるいはOr; perhaps
A writing-friendly connector with two distinct uses: it can present alternatives meaning “or,” or introduce an uncertain possibility meaning “perhaps.”
Keep the two meanings separate
With two parallel choices, あるいは means “or.” Before a single uncertain statement, it means “perhaps” or “possibly.” The surrounding structure normally makes the intended meaning clear.
Presenting alternatives
The alternatives may be short phrases, complete actions, or clause-sized outcomes.
申請書は郵送あるいはオンラインで提出できます。
The application can be submitted by mail or online.
Analyze担当者にメールを送るか、あるいは窓口で直接相談してください。
Please either email the person in charge or consult the service desk directly.
AnalyzeThe two alternatives are parallel actions.
結果は明日発表される。あるいは、確認作業のため数日遅れる可能性もある。
The results will be announced tomorrow. Alternatively, they may be delayed for several days while checks are completed.
AnalyzeAt the beginning of the second sentence, it introduces another possible outcome.
Raising a possibility
あるいは、私たちは問題の原因を取り違えているのかもしれない。
Perhaps we have misunderstood the cause of the problem.
AnalyzeThis is not a choice between two stated alternatives. The speaker is offering one uncertain explanation.
Choosing the right connector
または is a straightforward “or” often used in instructions and formal statements, but it does not have the “perhaps” use. それとも is normally more natural when directly asking someone to choose between alternatives in conversation. また means “also” or “in addition,” so it adds information rather than presenting alternatives.
More examples
会場へは電車あるいはバスでお越しください。
Please come to the venue by train or bus.
Analyze資料を印刷して配布する。あるいは、共有リンクを送ってもよい。
We can print and distribute the materials. Alternatively, we can send a shared link.
Analyze色や形、あるいは素材によって、製品の印象は大きく変わる。
A product’s impression changes greatly depending on its color, shape, or material.
Analyzeあるいは、彼はその連絡をまだ見ていないのかもしれない。
Perhaps he has not seen the message yet.
Analyzeこの反応は、あるいは薬の副作用かもしれない。
This reaction may perhaps be a side effect of the medicine.
Analyzeあるいは、計画そのものを見直す必要があるだろう。
Perhaps we need to reconsider the plan itself.
Analyze