Kotomora
JLPT N3ConstructionFormal
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ことRules and instructions

Sentence-final こと states a concise rule, requirement, prohibition, or instruction. It is especially common in written notices, checklists, exam directions, and administrative instructions.

How it works

Place こと directly after the required or prohibited action. The sentence works like an item in a rule sheet: the affirmative form tells the reader what to do, while the negative form tells the reader what not to do.

Positive and negative rules

These are direct instructions, not descriptions of what someone will probably do.

レポートはきんようまでにオンラインでていしゅつすること

Reports must be submitted online by Friday.

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じゅけんしゃは、かいあいがあるまでもんだいようひらかないこと

Examinees must not open the question booklet until the signal to begin.

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Where it sounds natural

This form suits classroom rules, workplace procedures, application instructions, posted notices, and lists of conditions. In ordinary conversation, speakers usually choose a direct request, advice form, or complete prohibition instead, depending on their relationship with the listener.

Direct rule versus existing rule

Final こと directly lays down the rule. By contrast, ことになっている reports that a rule or arrangement is already in force.

こうないではふだちゃくようすること

Name badges must be worn on school grounds.

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This directly states the rule.

こうないではふだちゃくようすることになっている

There is a rule that name badges are to be worn on school grounds.

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This describes an existing rule rather than issuing it.

More examples

とうあんにはじゅけんばんごうだけをにゅうすること

Write only your examinee number on the answer sheet.

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使ようかならでんげんること

Always turn off the power after use.

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ろうでははしらないこと

Do not run in the hallways.

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りょうがいさないこと

Do not remove the materials from the premises.

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けっせきするあいは、ぜんたんとうしゃれんらくすること

If you will be absent, notify the person in charge in advance.

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ぎょうちゅう眼鏡めがねちゃくようすること

Protective glasses must be worn while working.

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