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JLPT N4Everyday

から作つくる・でできているmade from; made of

Two ways to say what something is made of. でできている names the material: wood, silver, plastic. から作つくる is for a raw material that has turned into something else, as grapes turn into wine.

Made of

Thing は + material で + できている

To ask: 何なにでできていますか.

Made from

Raw material から + thing を + 作つくる

With the thing first: チーズは牛ぎゅう乳にゅうから作つくられる (is made), or 牛ぎゅう乳にゅうからできている.

Before で
What the thing consists of: a material you can see, like 木き, 紙かみ or ガラス, or the ingredients of a dish.
Before から
A raw material that no longer shows in the result: ぶどう, 牛ぎゅう乳にゅう, 大だい豆ず, 米こめ, 石せき油ゆ.
Where you'll meet it
Labels, product descriptions, factory tours, school science, and talk about food.

In use

Ingredients take で, even though they change in the cooking.

Three things to know

で or から?

Either one goes with 作つくる and with できている; the choice is about the material. で is the general one, and the safer: raw materials often take it too (米こめで作つくったパン). から is narrower: it is nearly always a material that has changed past recognizing.

Sounds odd: この机つくえは木きからできています。

This desk is made from wood.

The wood is still wood: 木きでできています.

できている, not できる

A finished thing is described with できている: it was made, and this is how it is now. Here できる means "be made", not "can".

A wooden desk: 木きの机つくえ

Before a noun, the short way is の: 木きの机つくえ, 紙かみのコップ, 銀ぎんの指ゆび輪わ. The longer way is でできた.

Close neighbours

Check yourself

1Which one sounds natural?

このコップはガラス(  )できています。

Choose an answer to see why.

2What does this mean?

このお酒さけは米こめからできています。

Choose an answer to see why.

More detail

For a general fact, plain できる is used as well.

More sentences