から作る・ でできているmade from; made of
Two ways to say what something is made of. でできている names the material: wood, silver, plastic. から作る is for a raw material that has turned into something else, as grapes turn into wine.
This ring is made of silver.
Soy sauce is made from soybeans.
Wine is made from grapes.
Made of
Thing は + material で + できている
To ask: 何でできていますか.
Made from
Raw material から + thing を + 作る
With the thing first: チーズは牛乳から作られる (is made), or 牛乳からできている.
- Before で
- What the thing consists of: a material you can see, like 木, 紙 or ガラス, or the ingredients of a dish.
- Before から
- A raw material that no longer shows in the result: ぶどう, 牛乳, 大豆, 米, 石油.
- Where you'll meet it
- Labels, product descriptions, factory tours, school science, and talk about food.
In use
This bag is made of recycled plastic.
Cheese is made from milk.
What are these cookies made from?
They are made from rice flour and almonds.
Ingredients take で, even though they change in the cooking.
Three things to know
で or から?
Either one goes with 作る and with できている; the choice is about the material. で is the general one, and the safer: raw materials often take it too (米で作ったパン). から is narrower: it is nearly always a material that has changed past recognizing.
I made a box out of paper.
You can still see the paper: で.
Sounds odd: この
This desk is made from wood.
The wood is still wood: 木でできています.
できている, not できる
A finished thing is described with できている: it was made, and this is how it is now. Here できる means "be made", not "can".
This bridge is made of steel and concrete.
A wooden desk: 木の机
Before a noun, the short way is の: 木の机, 紙のコップ, 銀の指輪. The longer way is でできた.
We use straws made of paper.
Close neighbours
The same で with any verb of making.
I made a shelf out of wood.
Check yourself
1Which one sounds natural?
この
Choose an answer to see why.
2What does this mean?
この
Choose an answer to see why.
More detail
For a general fact, plain できる is used as well.
Sake is made from rice.
More sentences
This desk is made of bamboo.
At the factory, they make flooring material from old tires.