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Kotomora
JLPT N5EverydayAbility

ことができる・ができるcan; be able to

できる is "can": what someone is able to do, or what is possible somewhere. A skill goes before it as a noun. Any other action goes in as a verb with こと.

With a noun

Noun + が + できる

The noun is a skill or an activity: a language, a sport, cooking, driving.

With a verb

Verb dictionary form + こと + が + できる

泳およぐ → 泳およぐことができる. It has to be こと, not の.

Polite, negative, past

できます・できない・できた

"Can't" is できない. "Was able to" is できた.

A skill: Noun + ができる

English needs a verb here: "can speak", "can ski", "can drive". Japanese only needs the noun, and it takes が, not を.

An action: Verb + ことができる

The action is said as it normally would be, particles and all, and ことができる goes on the end.

This long form is at home in explanations, notices, websites and writing, where it says what a place, a ticket or a service lets you do. In conversation people mostly build "can" into the verb instead: 読よめる, 行いける. There ことができる is correct but a little stiff.

Where English "can" is something else

"Can you…?" as a request is てください, and "can I…?" asking someone's permission is てもいいですか. できますか asks only whether it can be done.

Sounds odd: 窓まどを開あけることができますか。

Are you able to open the window?

The request is 窓まどを開あけてください.

And 分わかる already has "can" in it. "I can understand" is just 分わかります.

Not said: 日本にほん語ごを分わかることができます。

(I can understand Japanese.)

日本にほん語ごが分わかります.

できる is also "is made" and "is ready"

With no "can" in it at all, できる says that something has come into being or is finished.

Close neighbours

てくださいN5

"Can you…?" when you are asking someone to do something.

でできているN4

"Made of": the できる that means "is made", with で for the material.

Check yourself

1Which particle?

兄あには中ちゅう国ごく語ご(  )できます。

Choose an answer to see why.

2"I can swim a hundred meters."

百ひゃくメートル(  )ができます。

Choose an answer to see why.

3Which sentence is right?

Choose an answer to see why.

More detail

こともできる

が gives way to も for "can also". Shops and guides say it constantly.

運うん転てんできる

A noun that takes する can also join できる directly: 運うん転てんできる, 予よ約やくできる.

More sentences