Kotomora
JLPT N5Construction
Furigana

あるいるExistence: inanimate and animate

ある says that an inanimate thing exists or is present. いる is used for people, animals, and other beings treated as animate.

Basic forms

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MeaningInanimateAnimate
Nonpast positiveある・ありますいる・います
Nonpast negativeない・ありませんいない・いません
Past positiveあった・ありましたいた・いました
Past negativeなかった・ありませんでしたいなかった・いませんでした

Choosing the verb

Choose the verb according to what is present, not according to the English translation. A dictionary, key, building, or other inanimate thing takes ある; a person, cat, dog, or other animate being takes いる.

Presence and absence

つくえうえしょあります

There is a dictionary on the desk.

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にわねこいます

There is a cat in the yard.

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このはこにはかぎありません

There is no key in this box.

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今日きょううけつけかかりいんいません

There is no attendant at reception today.

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Short answers

A

なかせんせいいますか。

Is Professor Tanaka here?

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B

はい、います

Yes, they are.

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The answer does not repeat the person or place because both are clear from the question and situation.

More examples

たななかにコップがある

There is a cup inside the cabinet.

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えきまえこうばんあります

There is a police box in front of the station.

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こうえんいぬいる

There is a dog in the park.

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きょうしつにはがくせいいません

There are no students in the classroom.

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昨日きのう、このみせてんちょういました

The manager was at this shop yesterday.

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まえはここにふるはしありました

There used to be an old bridge here.

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ある・いる (aru / iru) – Existence: inanimate and animate