Kotomora
JLPT N5Particle
Furigana

Existence location marker

marks the place where a person, animal, or thing exists. In this use, it normally appears with ある or いる.

What the particle marks

Put after the place itself. The rest of the sentence tells you what exists there or where a known person or thing is.

Things and living beings

Use ある for an inanimate thing and いる for a person or animal.

つくえうえかぎがあります。

There is a key on the desk.

Analyze

The place phrase is built as つくえうえ, followed by the location marker.

にわねこがいます。

There is a cat in the garden.

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Saying where someone or something is

やまさんはしょかんいます。

Yamada is in the library.

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ゆう便びんきょくえきとなりあります。

The post office is next to the station.

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A position word such as となり normally follows another noun with before the location marker.

Asking where something is

A

はさみはどこありますか。

Where are the scissors?

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B

しのなかあります。

They are in the drawer.

Analyze

The answer omits the scissors because both speakers already know what they are discussing.

Existence location versus event location

Use for where a person or thing exists. Use for where an action or event takes place. The presence of ある alone does not automatically require the existence-location marker.

こうえんまつりがあります。

There is a festival in the park.

Analyze

A festival is an event taking place in the park, so its event location takes .

More examples

れいぞうぎゅうにゅうがあります。

There is milk in the refrigerator.

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いぬげんかんまえいます。

The dog is in front of the entrance.

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しょほんだなあります。

The dictionary is on the bookshelf.

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せんせいしょくいんしついます。

The teacher is in the staff room.

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みずうみちいさなしまがあります。

There is a small island in the lake.

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いもうといまだいどころいます。

My younger sister is in the kitchen now.

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