Translation guide
The English word 'ability' refers to the capacity to do something. In Japanese, this concept is expressed through nouns, verbs, and grammatical patterns that indicate potential, skill, or capability. The most common and natural ways to express ability involve the potential form of verbs or the noun 能力 (nouryoku).
Expressing that someone or something has the capacity to perform an action or achieve a result.
The potential form of a verb is the most natural way to express ability in Japanese. It directly indicates that the subject can perform the action. For ru-verbs, replace -ru with -rareru; for u-verbs, change the final -u to -eru. The irregular verb する becomes できる.
I can speak Japanese.
He can run fast.
A noun meaning 'ability' or 'capability'. Often used in formal or abstract contexts, such as discussing skills, talents, or capacities. Can be combined with ある (to have) or 高い (high).
He has leadership ability.
This job requires high communication ability.
The potential form of する (to do). It means 'can do' or 'is able to do'. Often used with nouns or as a standalone verb. It is also used in the pattern ことができる.
Can you cook?
Refers to 'talent' or 'innate ability'. Often used for artistic, athletic, or intellectual gifts. More specific than 能力.
She has a talent for music.
Means 'real ability' or 'actual skill', often contrasted with theoretical knowledge or reputation. Used in contexts like exams, competitions, or job performance.
I demonstrated my true ability on the exam.
Referring to a developed skill or expertise in a particular area.
Means 'skill' or 'proficiency', often in a craft, sport, or practical activity. Implies a level of mastery gained through practice.
His cooking skills are wonderful.
Means 'technique' or 'technical skill'. Often used for mechanical, artistic, or professional skills.
Loanword from English, commonly used in business and IT contexts to mean 'skill' or 'competency'.
Referring to a natural, often inborn, capacity to do something.
能力 (nouryoku) is a general term for ability or capability, often used in formal or abstract contexts. 才能 (sainou) specifically refers to talent or innate gift, often in arts or sports. スキル (sukiru) is a loanword used for practical, often job-related skills.
He has high language ability.
She has a talent for painting.
This job requires IT skills.
Directly translating 'ability' as 能力 in every context can sound unnatural. In many cases, using the potential form of a verb or a more specific noun like 才能 or 腕前 is more appropriate. For example, 'He has the ability to sing' is more naturally expressed as 彼は歌が上手い (He is good at singing) or 彼は歌える (He can sing) rather than 彼は歌う能力がある.
She has the ability to solve complex problems.
I want to improve my English ability.
He showed great ability as a leader.
彼は優れた技術を持っている。
He has excellent skills.
This job requires special skills.
彼の天性の才能には驚かされる。
I am amazed by his natural talent.