Translation guide
The English word 'actual' is used to emphasize that something is real, true, or existing in fact, often in contrast to what was expected, believed, or previously mentioned. In Japanese, there is no single direct equivalent; the translation depends heavily on context and nuance.
Emphasizing that something is factual, not hypothetical or supposed.
The most common and versatile way to say 'actual' in the sense of 'real' or 'in practice'. It modifies a noun.
実際のところ、どう思いますか？
What do you actually think?
The actual size is much smaller.
Means 'true' or 'real'. Often used for genuine feelings, identity, or nature. Slightly more emotional than 実際の.
本当のことを教えてください。
Please tell me the actual truth.
彼の本当の名前は誰も知らない。
Nobody knows his actual name.
Refers to 'actual' in the sense of 'real-world' or 'in reality', often contrasting with fantasy or ideals.
それは現実の話ですか？
Is that an actual story?
Stressing that it is the specific person or thing, not a substitute or representation.
Used for 'the actual person' (the person themselves). Often used when someone else was expected or when confirming identity.
本人に直接聞いてみます。
I'll ask the actual person directly.
写真と本人は全然違う。
The photo and the actual person are completely different.
Attaches to a noun to mean 'the very thing itself' or 'in and of itself'. Emphasizes the essence.
Used before a noun to mean 'the very' or 'the actual' person/thing in question. Often used in formal or written contexts.
Used to introduce a statement that contrasts with what was said or believed, or to emphasize truth.
Adverbial form meaning 'actually', 'in fact', or 'in reality'. Used to state what really happened.
実際に行ってみたら、とても良かった。
When I actually went, it was really good.
Means 'actually' or 'as a matter of fact', often used to reveal a surprising truth or confess something.
Often translates as 'really' or 'truly', but can be used for 'actually' when emphasizing genuineness.
Referring to the present, real state of affairs.
Means 'current' or 'present'. Used for 'actual' when talking about the current situation or status.
現在の状況を教えてください。
Please tell me the actual situation.
Refers to 'the present state of affairs' or 'status quo'. More formal.
現状のままでは難しい。
It's difficult with the actual state of things.
実際 (jissai) refers to objective facts or reality, often contrasting with theory or plans. 本当 (hontō) refers to truth or genuineness, often with an emotional or subjective nuance. Use 実際 for 'actual' in factual contexts, and 本当 for 'true' or 'real' in personal contexts.
実際の数字を見せてください。
Show me the actual numbers.
本当の気持ちを話して。
Tell me your actual feelings.
In many cases, 'actual' is used in English for emphasis or contrast, but Japanese often conveys this through context, adverbs, or different sentence structures. Overusing 実際の can sound unnatural. Consider whether the meaning is already clear without it.
実際の費用は見積もりより高かった。
The actual cost was higher than the estimate.
実際の書類を見る必要があります。
I need to see the actual document.
彼がその家の本当の所有者です。
He is the actual owner of the house.
His actual attitude is the problem.
The actual person in question knew nothing.
Actually, I was thinking the same thing.
本当にそう思うの？
Do you actually think so?