Translation guide
The English word 'actual' is used to emphasize that something is real, true, or existing in fact, often in contrast to what was expected, believed, or previously mentioned. In Japanese, there is no single direct equivalent; the translation depends heavily on context and nuance.
Emphasizing that something is factual, not hypothetical or supposed.
The most common and versatile way to say 'actual' in the sense of 'real' or 'in practice'. It modifies a noun.
What do you actually think?
The actual size is much smaller.
Means 'true' or 'real'. Often used for genuine feelings, identity, or nature. Slightly more emotional than 実際の.
Please tell me the actual truth.
Refers to 'actual' in the sense of 'real-world' or 'in reality', often contrasting with fantasy or ideals.
Is that an actual story?
Stressing that it is the specific person or thing, not a substitute or representation.
Used to introduce a statement that contrasts with what was said or believed, or to emphasize truth.
Referring to the present, real state of affairs.
Means 'current' or 'present'. Used for 'actual' when talking about the current situation or status.
実際 (jissai) refers to objective facts or reality, often contrasting with theory or plans. 本当 (hontō) refers to truth or genuineness, often with an emotional or subjective nuance. Use 実際 for 'actual' in factual contexts, and 本当 for 'true' or 'real' in personal contexts.
Show me the actual numbers.
The actual cost was higher than the estimate.
彼の本当の名前は誰も知らない。
Nobody knows his actual name.
Used for 'the actual person' (the person themselves). Often used when someone else was expected or when confirming identity.
I'll ask the actual person directly.
The photo and the actual person are completely different.
Attaches to a noun to mean 'the very thing itself' or 'in and of itself'. Emphasizes the essence.
His actual attitude is the problem.
Used before a noun to mean 'the very' or 'the actual' person/thing in question. Often used in formal or written contexts.
The actual person in question knew nothing.
Adverbial form meaning 'actually', 'in fact', or 'in reality'. Used to state what really happened.
When I actually went, it was really good.
Means 'actually' or 'as a matter of fact', often used to reveal a surprising truth or confess something.
Actually, I was thinking the same thing.
Often translates as 'really' or 'truly', but can be used for 'actually' when emphasizing genuineness.
Do you actually think so?
Please tell me the actual situation.
Refers to 'the present state of affairs' or 'status quo'. More formal.
It's difficult with the actual state of things.
本当の気持ちを話して。
Tell me your actual feelings.
In many cases, 'actual' is used in English for emphasis or contrast, but Japanese often conveys this through context, adverbs, or different sentence structures. Overusing 実際の can sound unnatural. Consider whether the meaning is already clear without it.
I need to see the actual document.
He is the actual owner of the house.