Translation guide
The English word 'available' covers several distinct meanings: something is obtainable or ready for use, a person is free to meet or do something, or something is not currently in use. Japanese expresses these ideas with different words and patterns depending on the context.
この席は空いていますか？
Is this seat available?
明日は空いていますか？
Are you available tomorrow?
この商品はオンラインで入手可能です。
This product is available online.
Expressing that something can be obtained, purchased, or is ready to be used.
Literally 'obtainable'. Used for things that can be acquired, such as products, tickets, or information. Common in formal and written contexts.
この本はオンラインで入手可能です。
This book is available online.
Literally 'usable/available for use'. Used for services, facilities, or resources that are ready to be used. Common in technical and business contexts.
A casual verb phrase meaning 'to be able to get one's hands on'. Used for things that can be obtained, often with a nuance of effort or luck. More conversational than 入手可能.
The basic verb 'to exist' (inanimate). In context, it can mean 'available' when asking or stating if something is present or in stock. Very natural in daily conversation.
すみません、この靴のサイズ9はありますか？
Excuse me, is this shoe available in size 9?
Saying that someone is not busy and can meet, talk, or do something.
The most common way to say a person is free. Literally 'empty', used for schedules and people. Casual to polite.
明日の午後は空いていますか？
Are you available tomorrow afternoon?
Means 'free time' or 'not busy'. Can sound like you have nothing to do, so use carefully. Often used among friends.
Can imply 'bored' or 'having nothing better to do'. Use 空いている for neutral inquiries.
今週末、暇？
Are you free this weekend?
A polite expression meaning 'to be able to arrange one's schedule'. Used in business or formal situations.
来週の火曜日は都合がつきますか？
Are you available next Tuesday?
Indicating that a seat, room, phone line, or resource is free to be used.
Same word as for people, but used for objects and spaces. Means 'vacant' or 'not occupied'.
この席は空いていますか？
Is this seat available?
Literally 'not in use'. More explicit and formal. Often seen on signs or in technical contexts.
このトイレは使用中ではありません。
This toilet is available.
Saying that someone is not married or dating anyone.
Means 'single/unmarried'. Neutral and commonly used.
彼はまだ独身ですか？
Is he still available?
Literally 'doesn't have a boyfriend/girlfriend'. More specific to dating status. Casual.
今、彼女いないよ。
I'm available right now. (I don't have a girlfriend.)
利用可能 (available for use) is only for objects, services, or systems. Using it for a person's schedule sounds unnatural. Use 空いている or 都合がつく instead.
× 彼は明日利用可能ですか？
Is he available tomorrow? (unnatural)
○ 彼は明日空いていますか？
Is he available tomorrow? (natural)
空いている simply means 'free/not occupied' and is neutral. 暇 implies having free time with nothing scheduled, and can carry a nuance of boredom. For polite inquiries about someone's schedule, always use 空いている.
週末、空いていますか？ (neutral)
Are you free this weekend?
週末、暇？ (casual, might imply you're looking for something to do)
Are you free this weekend? (casual)
この機能は来月から利用可能になります。
This feature will be available from next month.
このゲームはもう手に入らないかもしれない。
This game might not be available anymore.