ある · godan verb (-ru, irregular)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | ある | ない |
| Polite | あります | ありません |
| Past polite | ありました | ありませんでした |
| Past | あった | なかった |
| Te-form | あって | ないで |
| Desire | ありたい | ありたくない |
| Volitional | あろう | |
| Polite volitional | ありましょう | |
| Imperative | あれ | あるな |
| Conditional | あれば | なければ |
| Tara conditional | あったら | なかったら |
godan verb (-ru, irregular), intransitive verb
Basic existential verb, usually for inanimate things, places, abstract matters, and events. People and animals normally use いる; English may sometimes translate this broadly as 'live' only in the sense of 'exist' or 'be present.'
See also: いる
机の上に本がある。
There is a book on the desk.
Long ago, there was a large lake in this area.
godan verb (-ru, irregular), intransitive verb
have; possess; there is available
Expresses possession or availability with the thing possessed marked by が. In English this often becomes 'have,' but grammatically ある remains intransitive.
I have time today.
Do you have any questions?
godan verb (-ru, irregular), intransitive verb
be located; be situated
Used to state where a place, building, object, or institution is located. 在る is a possible kanji spelling for this sense, but kana is common.
The station is next to city hall.
godan verb (-ru, irregular), intransitive verb
be equipped with; have as a facility or feature
Used when a place, room, product, or system has a feature, facility, or equipment available.
This room is equipped with air conditioning.
This hotel has a large pool.
godan verb (-ru, irregular), intransitive verb
happen; take place; come about
Common with events, incidents, meetings, and occasions. The event is usually marked by が or は.
There was an accident in front of the station yesterday.
There will be a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
auxiliary verb, godan verb (-ru, irregular)
be in a completed state; be left as done
Auxiliary use after the て-form of a transitive verb, as in 置いてある or 書いてある. It describes the result of an intentional action remaining in place or unchanged.
The documents have been placed on the desk.
Instructions are written on the door.
There is a desk in the room.
He has money.
The school is located near the station.
This car has a navigation system.
There is a meeting tomorrow.
The door has been left open.
起こる emphasizes an event or problem actually occurring, while ある is broader and covers even scheduled events like 会議がある.
備わる is a more formal way to say a feature or ability is built in, while ある is the everyday word for saying a facility or feature exists.
ある is the plain, neutral way to say 'a certain ...', while とある carries a more literary or storytelling nuance, often opening a narrative.
あり is the literary or formal written form of ある, the standard modern verb for existence and possession.
然る is a formal, literary way to say 'a certain' before a noun, while ある is the everyday verb-derived form used the same way but with a plainer register.
某 is a formal prefix/noun for 'a certain' used in written or official contexts, while ある is the everyday prenominal word used before nouns like ある日 'one day'.
ある is the plain, neutral verb of existence, while ござる is its old-fashioned polite/honorific counterpart.
ある is the plain, neutral verb for existence or possession, while ございます is its very formal, deferential form used in customer service and ceremonial speech.
いる is used for animate beings like people and animals, while ある is used for inanimate objects and abstract things.
as it is; plain; unvarnished; frank
clearly; vividly; distinctly
value; worth; preciousness; blessing
all; everything; the whole · as much as possible; to the utmost
money on hand; ready cash
be superfluous; be in excess; be more than enough
feel grateful; show gratitude; be thankful
get; obtain; come by; find
what a blessing; how fortunate
the unvarnished truth; frankly; plainly
to be possible; to be conceivable; to be likely
common; ordinary; commonplace; trite
based on; originating from; premised on
all one has; everything available; the whole
seeming to have; appearing to be
amount on hand; cash on hand; balance
worried look; troubled face
to be; to exist · to come; to go · to be (doing)
common; frequent; often seen
likely; probable; plausible