Translation guide
The English word "correspondence" has several distinct meanings. This guide helps you choose the right Japanese expression depending on whether you mean exchanging letters, a match or similarity, or a formal relationship.
Referring to the act of writing and receiving letters, emails, or other communications.
Specifically refers to exchanging letters by mail, often with a pen pal or in a personal context. Common and natural for personal correspondence.
彼女とは長年文通を続けている。
I have been corresponding with her for many years.
A broader term for communication, including letters, emails, or electronic messages. Often used in compound words like 通信手段 (means of correspondence).
海外との通信手段が限られている。
Means of correspondence with overseas are limited.
Literally 'exchange of letters'. A natural phrase for describing the back-and-forth of written correspondence.
手紙のやり取りが趣味です。
Exchanging letters is my hobby.
Formal or literary term for letters or correspondence. Often used in historical or official contexts.
彼の書簡集が出版された。
A collection of his correspondence was published.
Describing a situation where two things are similar, equivalent, or match each other.
Means agreement, match, or correspondence. Used when two things are the same or align perfectly.
彼の説明と証拠が一致している。
His explanation and the evidence are in correspondence.
Refers to a one-to-one correspondence or mapping between things. Common in technical or mathematical contexts.
Means coincidence or correspondence, often used when details match up. Slightly formal.
Referring to a formal or official relationship, often between organizations or in diplomatic contexts.
Commonly used for contact or communication, including formal correspondence between parties.
取引先との連絡を密にする。
Maintain close correspondence with business partners.
Refers to communication or correspondence, especially by radio or between organizations. Slightly formal.
Literally 'exchange of documents'. Used for formal written correspondence in business or official settings.
契約に関する文書のやり取りが続いている。
Correspondence regarding the contract is ongoing.
文通 is specifically for personal letter exchange, often with a pen pal. 通信 is broader, covering any telecommunication or written exchange. 連絡 is the most common word for getting in touch or maintaining contact, and can be used for both personal and business contexts.
When meaning 'similarity', do not use 文通 or 通信. Use 一致 or 対応 instead. Saying '文通がある' to mean 'there is a correspondence' would be misunderstood as exchanging letters.
この地図の記号は実際の建物に対応している。
The symbols on this map correspond to actual buildings.
The two testimonies correspond.
両国間の交信が途絶えた。
Correspondence between the two countries was cut off.