Translation guide
The English word "defect" can refer to a flaw in an object, a shortcoming in a person or system, or the act of leaving a group. This guide covers natural Japanese expressions for each meaning.
Describing a physical flaw, manufacturing defect, or imperfection in a product or item.
The most direct and common translation for a defect in a product, system, or object. Often used in technical or formal contexts.
This product has a defect.
It was recalled because a defect was found.
Commonly used for malfunctions, bugs, or defects in software, machinery, or systems. Slightly less formal than 欠陥.
A defect occurred in the software.
This machine has many defects.
Refers to a scratch, flaw, or blemish on a surface. Can be used for physical defects like scratches or dents.
There is a defect (scratch) on the table.
Often used in manufacturing to mean 'defective' or 'faulty'. Commonly appears in compounds like 不良品 (defective product).
A defective item was mixed in.
Describing a character flaw, a weakness in an argument, or a systemic shortcoming.
The most common word for a personal shortcoming, flaw, or weak point. Can also be used for non-physical defects in plans or systems.
His defect is his short temper.
Similar to 欠点 but often used in contrast with 長所 (strong point). Common in self-introductions or character analysis.
Means 'weak point' or 'vulnerability'. Often used for strategic or competitive contexts, but can also refer to personal weaknesses.
A formal or legal term for a flaw or defect, often in contracts, products, or legal contexts. Not used for personal traits.
Describing the action of defecting, such as a spy defecting to another country or a member leaving an organization.
Specifically means to defect to another country, often for political reasons. Used for high-profile defections.
The spy defected to the United States.
Means to break away or defect from a group, party, or cause. Less specific to international defection.
Some party members defected.
Literally 'to turn over in sleep', but idiomatically means to switch sides or betray one's group. Often used for defection in conflicts or competitions.
欠陥 is the most formal and serious, often implying a fundamental flaw. 不具合 is commonly used for technical malfunctions or bugs. 欠点 is for personal shortcomings or minor flaws in non-physical things.
欠陥 is not used to describe a person's character flaw. Use 欠点 or 短所 instead. Saying 彼は欠陥がある sounds like he is a defective product.
This plan has several defects.
My defect is being indecisive.
彼の弱点は数学だ。
His defect is math.
There was a defect in the contract.
敵軍に寝返った。
He defected to the enemy army.