Translation guide
The concept of democracy is expressed in Japanese through several terms that differ in nuance, from the general idea of popular sovereignty to the specific system of government. The most common and direct equivalent is 民主主義, but other terms like 民主制 and デモクラシー are used in specific contexts.
To refer to democracy as a political ideology or principle where power resides with the people.
The standard term for democracy as a principle or ideology. It emphasizes the idea that sovereignty rests with the people. Used in political discourse, education, and everyday conversation.
民主主義は基本的人権を尊重する。
Democracy respects fundamental human rights.
彼は民主主義の原則を信じている。
He believes in the principles of democracy.
A loanword from English, often used in academic or international contexts. It can sound slightly more abstract or Western-oriented.
デモクラシーの歴史は古代ギリシャに遡る。
The history of democracy dates back to ancient Greece.
To refer to democracy as a form of government or political system, often contrasted with monarchy or dictatorship.
Refers specifically to a democratic system of government. It focuses on the institutional aspect rather than the ideology.
その国は民主制を採用している。
That country has adopted a democratic system.
民主制と独裁制の違いを議論した。
We discussed the difference between democracy and dictatorship.
To refer to a country or society that is governed democratically.
A democratic nation or state. Commonly used in news and political commentary.
日本は民主国家として発展してきた。
Japan has developed as a democratic nation.
A country that adheres to the principles of democracy. Slightly more ideological than 民主国家.
民主主義国は人権を守る責任がある。
Democratic countries have a responsibility to protect human rights.
To refer to the actual practice of democracy, such as elections, participation, or decision-making.
A common phrase meaning 'democratic process'. It can be used in various contexts, from politics to organizational decision-making.
その決定は民主的なプロセスを経て行われた。
The decision was made through a democratic process.
Democratization, the process of becoming democratic. Often used in historical or political contexts.
その国は急速な民主化を遂げた。
The country underwent rapid democratization.
民主主義 (minshushugi) emphasizes the ideology or principle of democracy, while 民主制 (minshusei) refers to the system or form of government. In many contexts they overlap, but 民主主義 is more common in everyday speech about democratic values, whereas 民主制 is used when discussing political structures.
The adjectival form 民主的な (minshuteki na) means 'democratic' and can describe processes, decisions, or attitudes. It is very common and versatile.
民主的な方法で選ぶ。
Choose in a democratic way.
民主主義は、他のすべてを除けば最悪の政治形態である。
Democracy is the worst form of government, except for all the others.
A famous quote often attributed to Winston Churchill, translated naturally.
私たちは民主主義の国に住んでいる。
We live in a democracy.
A more formal term for a democratic polity or regime. Used in political science or historical contexts.
古代アテネの民主政体は直接民主制だった。
The democratic polity of ancient Athens was a direct democracy.