Translation guide
The English word 'due' has several distinct meanings. This guide covers the most common uses: expected time, caused by, owed money, proper/deserved, and scheduled to happen.
Expressing when something is expected to happen, arrive, or be submitted.
Used for scheduled events or expected arrivals. Attach to a noun or verb plain form.
電車は10時に到着する予定です。
The train is due to arrive at 10 o'clock.
The report is due on Friday.
Expresses expectation based on reasoning or schedule. Slightly more subjective than 予定.
彼はもう来るはずだ。
He is due to arrive any minute.
Literally 'the deadline is...'. Natural for assignments, payments, etc.
宿題の期限は明日です。
The homework is due tomorrow.
Saying that something is a result of a particular cause.
Means 'due to' or 'because of'. Used with nouns. に is optional and often omitted in formal writing.
悪天候のため、試合は中止になった。
The game was canceled due to bad weather.
More formal/literary. Often used in news or reports.
地震によって大きな被害が出た。
There was major damage due to the earthquake.
Implies blame or negative cause. Casual.
渋滞のせいで遅刻した。
I was late due to traffic.
Expressing that something is owed or deserved.
For money owed. 'Should pay'.
家賃を今月中に支払うべきだ。
The rent is due by the end of the month.
For 'due reward/punishment'. 'Just deserts'.
彼の成功は努力の当然の報いだ。
His success is the due reward for his efforts.
To pay due respect.
故人に敬意を払う。
Pay due respect to the deceased.
Expressing that something is done with the proper care or attention.
'With due care/attention'. Common in formal contexts.
十分な注意を払って作業を行った。
The work was carried out with due care.
'Through due process'. Legal/formal.
適切な手続きを経て決定された。
The decision was made through due process.
The phrase 'due to' meaning 'because of' is not translated as 当然 (touzen). Use 〜のため or 〜によって instead.
Both mean 'due to', but 〜によって is more formal and often used for impersonal causes (natural disasters, rules). 〜のため is neutral and common in everyday speech.