Translation guide
The English word 'humanism' covers several related ideas: a philosophical stance centered on human agency and reason, a cultural movement (especially the Renaissance), and a general humanitarian concern for people. Japanese uses different terms depending on which meaning you intend.
A worldview that emphasizes human reason, ethics, and agency, often without reliance on supernatural beliefs.
The most direct loanword for secular/philosophical humanism. Widely understood in academic and intellectual contexts.
He criticized religion from a humanist standpoint.
Literally 'humanities-ism.' Often used for Renaissance humanism, but can also refer to secular humanism in philosophical discourse.
Renaissance humanism began with the rediscovery of classical antiquity.
Literally 'human-centered-ism.' Used in philosophical or environmental critiques to describe anthropocentrism, sometimes with negative connotations.
In environmental ethics, human-centered thinking is sometimes criticized.
The historical movement in Europe that revived classical learning and focused on human potential and achievements.
A general attitude of kindness, compassion, and concern for human beings, often expressed through actions.
Refers to humanitarianism, the ethical stance of valuing human life and dignity, often used in contexts of aid and human rights.
His actions are based on humanitarianism.
Can also carry the nuance of humanitarian concern, but may be ambiguous without context.
Literally 'love for humanity.' A more emotional, less ideological term for a deep care for people.
ヒューマニズム is the broadest loanword, covering philosophical, cultural, and humanitarian senses. 人文主義 is specifically tied to the humanities and Renaissance humanism. 人道主義 is strictly humanitarianism, focusing on human welfare and rights. Use 人道主義 when talking about aid work or human rights; use 人文主義 for historical/cultural contexts; use ヒューマニズム for general or philosophical humanism.
From a humanitarian perspective, refugee aid is urgent.
He is known as a thinker of humanism.
人間性 (にんげんせい) means 'human nature' or 'humanity' in the sense of human qualities, not the philosophical movement. Saying 彼は人間性を信じている would mean 'He believes in human nature,' not 'He is a humanist.'
She is a secular humanist.
Renaissance humanism emphasized the study of classical texts.
His humanitarian work earned him a Nobel Prize.
Renaissance humanism had a great influence on art and literature.
His humanism saved many people.
Her work stems from a deep love for humanity.