Translation guide
The English word 'loan' can refer to lending money, borrowing money, or the thing lent/borrowed. In Japanese, different words are used depending on whether you are lending or borrowing, and the context (bank loan, personal loan, etc.).
To express the act of borrowing money, especially from a bank or financial institution.
General term for borrowing money or being in debt. Can refer to the act of borrowing or the debt itself.
He took out a loan from the bank.
Loanword from English, commonly used for specific types of loans like car loans, housing loans, etc. Often combined with another word.
To take out a mortgage (housing loan).
Financing or lending, often used in business or formal contexts. Can refer to the act of lending by an institution.
The bank provides loans to businesses.
To express the act of lending money to another person or entity.
To refer to the loan as a sum of money.
To refer to a word borrowed from another language.
借金 (しゃっきん) is a general term for debt or borrowing money, often with a negative connotation of being in debt. ローン is a neutral term for a structured loan product (car loan, mortgage, etc.) and is commonly used in consumer finance.
He is up to his neck in debt.
I applied for a car loan.
English 'to loan' is often translated as 貸す (to lend) or 借りる (to borrow). There is no single Japanese verb that covers both directions like English 'loan' sometimes does. Be clear about who is giving and who is receiving.
The bank loaned me money.
銀行の貸し付けが厳しくなった。
Bank lending has become stricter.
The loan repayments are tough.
貸付金を回収する。
To collect on loans.
日本語には多くの借用語がある。
Japanese has many loanwords.
I borrowed money from the bank.