Translation guide
The English word "oath" covers solemn promises, legal affirmations, and profane exclamations. In Japanese, different words and expressions are used depending on the context: formal vows, courtroom oaths, casual promises, or swear words.
A serious, often formal promise to do something or to tell the truth, such as in ceremonies, official positions, or personal commitments.
General term for a vow or oath. Can be used in both formal and personal contexts.
He took the oath as a doctor.
We swore an oath of eternal love.
Formal oath, especially in legal, official, or ceremonial contexts (e.g., courtroom, inauguration).
The president took the oath of office.
The witness swore an oath in court.
Written or formal pledge, often used in contracts or agreements.
He signed a written oath of confidentiality.
Common phrase meaning "to make an oath" or "to swear an oath."
They swore an oath of loyalty.
Verb meaning "to swear" or "to vow." Used in both casual and formal settings.
I swear by God to tell the truth.
He swore an oath of revenge.
Using "oath" to mean a swear word or curse, often in the phrase "to utter an oath."
Specifically the oath taken in court to tell the truth.
誓い (ちかい) is a general vow or oath, used in personal and formal contexts. 宣誓 (せんせい) is specifically a formal, often public oath (e.g., in court, inauguration). 誓約 (せいやく) is a written pledge or covenant, often used in legal or contractual situations.
In English, "oath" can mean a swear word. In Japanese, do not use 誓い for this meaning. Instead, use 悪態 (あくたい) or 罵り言葉 (ののしりことば). Saying 誓いをつく would not be understood as cursing.
He took an oath of office.
She swore an oath to tell the truth.
He muttered an oath under his breath.
Oaths flew from his mouth.
He lied in his sworn testimony.